Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata (J.R.D TATA ) "The father of Indian civil aviation"


source-: http://photodivision.gov.in/writereaddata/webimages/thumbnails/49953.jpg


 Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata was an Indian aviator, entrepreneur, industrialist and chairman of Tata Group.

He was the son of popular businessman Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata and his wife Suzanne Brière. His mother was the first woman in Indian to drive a car and, in 1929, he became the first licensed pilot in India. He is also best known for being the founder of several industries under the Tata Group, including Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Motors, Titan Industries, Tata Salt, Voltas. and Air India.


Under his tenure, the Tata group’s assets climbed from Rs. 620 million in 1939 to over Rs. 1,00,000 million in 1990. The Tata group started from 14 companies but under his leadership he amalgamated 95 enterprises valued in billions in dollar such as chemicals, automobiles, tea, information technology and many more.


  Early Life 


J. R. D. Tata was born as Jehangir on 29 July 1904 into a Parsi family. He was the second child of businessman Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata and his French wife, Suzanne. His father was the first cousin of Jamsetji Tata. He had one elder sister Sylla, a younger sister Rodabeh and two younger brothers Darab and Jamshed (called Jimmy) Tata.

 His sister, Sylla, was married to Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, the third baronet of Petits. His sister's sister-in-law, Rattanbai Petit, was the wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who later became the founder of Pakistan in August 1947.

After his mother's death, Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata decided to move his family to India and sent J. R. D to England for higher studies in October 1923. He was enrolled in a Grammar school, and was interested in studying Engineering at Cambridge. Just as the Grammar course was ending and he was hoping to enter Cambridge, a law was passed in France to draft into the army, for two years, all French boys at the age of 20.

On 10 February 1929, Tata obtained the first pilot license issued in India. He later came to be known as the father of Indian civil aviation. He founded India's first commercial airline, Tata Airlines in 1932, which became Air India in 1946, now India's national airline. He and Nevill Vintcent worked together in building Tata Airlines.

The first flight in the history of Indian aviation lifted off from Drigh Road in Karachi with J. R. D at the controls of a Puss Moth.

At the age of 34, he took over as the chairman of the Tata Group and rebranded Tata Airmail Service to India’s first domestic carrier, Tata Airlines. In 1953, much to his dismay, Tata Airlines was nationalised and transformed into Air India, but still his passion knew no bounds.


  Award

Source-: https://www.tata.com/


 Tata received two of India's highest civilian awards the Padma Vibhushan and the Bharat Ratna, number of awards and medals.

 He was conferred the honorary rank of group captain by the Indian Air Force in 1948 was promoted to the Air Commander rank on 4 October 1966 and was further promoted on 1 April 1974 to the Air Vice Marshal rank.


  Death

On 29 November 1993 at the age of 89 Tata died in Geneva, Switzerland due to Kidney Infection. 

Upon his death, the parliament was adjourned in his memory just to give honour not usually given to persons who are not member of parliament. He was buried in Paris.

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Translation in Hindi


source-: http://photodivision.gov.in/writereaddata/webimages/thumbnails/49953.jpg


जहांगीर रतनजी दादाभाई टाटा एक भारतीय एविएटर, उद्यमी, और टाटा समूह के अध्यक्ष  थे।

वह लोकप्रिय व्यवसायी रतनजी दादाभाई टाटा और उनकी पत्नी सुज़ैन ब्रेरे के पुत्र थे। उनकी माँ कार चलाने वाली भारतीय की पहली महिला थीं और 1929 में, वह भारत में पहली लाइसेंस प्राप्त पायलट  बनीं। उन्हें टाटा समूह के तहत कई उद्योगों के संस्थापक होने के लिए भी जाना जाता है, जिनमें टाटा कंसल्टेंसी सर्विसेज, टाटा मोटर्स, टाइटन इंडस्ट्रीज, टाटा साल्ट, वोल्टास शामिल हैं। और एयर इंडिया।


उनके कार्यकाल में, टाटा समूह की संपत्ति रुपये से चढ़ गई। 1939 में 620 मिलियन रुपये से अधिक। १ ९९ ० में १,००,००० मिलियन। टाटा समूह की शुरुआत १४ कंपनियों से हुई, लेकिन उनके नेतृत्व में उन्होंने 95 उद्यमों को अरबों डॉलर जैसे रसायन, ऑटोमोबाइल, चाय, सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी और कई अन्य क्षेत्रों में महत्व दिया।



   प्रारंभिक जीवन


जे। आर। डी। टाटा का जन्म 29 जुलाई 1904 को पारसी परिवार में जहाँगीर के रूप में हुआ था। वह व्यापारी रतनजी दादाभाई टाटा और उनकी फ्रांसीसी पत्नी, सुज़ैन की दूसरी संतान थे। उनके पिता जमशेदजी टाटा के पहले चचेरे भाई थे। उनकी एक बड़ी बहन Sylla, एक छोटी बहन Rodabeh और दो छोटे भाई दरब और जमशेद (जिमी) Tata कहलाते थे।


 उनकी बहन, सियाला का विवाह पेटिट्स के तीसरे बैरन, दिनशॉ मानेकजी पेटिट से हुआ था। उनकी बहन की भाभी रतनबाई पेटिट, मुहम्मद अली जिन्ना की पत्नी थीं, जो बाद में अगस्त 1947 में पाकिस्तान की संस्थापक बनीं।


अपनी माँ की मृत्यु के बाद, रतनजी दादाभाई टाटा ने अपने परिवार को भारत में स्थानांतरित करने का निर्णय लिया और अक्टूबर 1923 में उच्च अध्ययन के लिए इंग्लैंड में जे। आर। डी। को भेजा। उन्हें एक ग्रामर स्कूल में दाखिला मिल गया, और वह कैम्ब्रिज में इंजीनियरिंग की पढ़ाई करने में रुचि रखते थे। जैसे ही व्याकरण पाठ्यक्रम समाप्त हो रहा था और वह कैम्ब्रिज में प्रवेश करने की उम्मीद कर रहा था, 20 साल की उम्र में सभी फ्रांसीसी लड़कों को सेना में मसौदा तैयार करने के लिए फ्रांस में एक कानून पारित किया गया था।


10 फरवरी 1929 को, Tata ने भारत में पहला पायलट लाइसेंस जारी किया। बाद में उन्हें भारतीय नागरिक उड्डयन के पिता के रूप में जाना जाने लगा। उन्होंने 1932 में भारत की पहली वाणिज्यिक एयरलाइन, टाटा एयरलाइंस की स्थापना की, जो 1946 में एयर इंडिया बन गई, जो अब भारत की राष्ट्रीय एयरलाइन है। उन्होंने और नेविल विंसेंट ने टाटा एयरलाइंस के निर्माण में साथ काम किया।


भारतीय विमानन के इतिहास में पहली उड़ान एक पुस मोथ के नियंत्रण में जे। आर। डी। के साथ कराची के Drigh रोड से उड़ी।


34 वर्ष की आयु में, उन्होंने टाटा समूह के अध्यक्ष के रूप में पदभार संभाला और टाटा एयरमेल सेवा को भारत के पहले घरेलू वाहक, टाटा एयरलाइंस के रूप में पुनः स्थापित किया। 1953 में, उनके पतन के लिए, टाटा एयरलाइंस का राष्ट्रीयकरण किया गया और एयर इंडिया में बदल दिया गया, लेकिन फिर भी उनके जुनून को कोई सीमा नहीं थी।



  पुरस्कार

Source-: https://www.tata.com/


 टाटा को भारत के दो सर्वोच्च नागरिक पुरस्कार पद्म विभूषण और भारत रत्न, पुरस्कारों और पदकों की संख्या प्राप्त हुई।

 

  उन्हें 1948 में भारतीय वायु सेना द्वारा समूह कप्तान के मानद रैंक से सम्मानित किया गया था और 4 अक्टूबर 1966 को एयर कमांडर रैंक में पदोन्नत किया गया था और 1 अप्रैल 1974 को एयर वाइस मार्शल रैंक पर पदोन्नत किया गया था।


 मौत


29 नवंबर 1993 को 89 साल की उम्र में किडनी संक्रमण के कारण स्विट्जरलैंड के जिनेवा में टाटा की मृत्यु हो गई।

उनकी मृत्यु के बाद, संसद को उनकी स्मृति में स्थगित कर दिया गया था ताकि आम तौर पर उन लोगों को सम्मान न दिया जाए जो संसद के सदस्य नहीं हैं। उन्हें पेरिस में दफनाया गया था।


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